随着我对历史和政治了解的越多,我越发感受到该游戏所描绘的图景的真实性。
首先需要确定:玩家扮演的究竟是什么样的角色?
有人说玩家扮演的是一个促进地区和平繁荣的“正义角色”,因为他一方面稳定秩序、消灭叛乱,另一方面也在大力投资当地的民生设施与经济产业——这些难道不都是为民众带来福祉的事业吗?
真的是这样吗?
你细想一下,回忆一下游戏过程中总是难以遏制的通胀和腐败,思考一下,一个通胀水平和腐败水平居高不下的社会,真的是一个能让民众带来幸福的社会吗?那么,是谁在给当地制造通胀和腐败呢?不就是玩家自己嘛!
你再细想一下,回忆一下每次开动民生工程时,是一个什么样的顺序:是不是总是从总部开始,然后依次扩散到周遭地区?好了,有的人先富,有的人后富,那么贫富差距不就产生了吗!那么又是谁,在给当地制造贫富差距?不还是玩家自己嘛!
还有,你再再细想一下,当你在游戏进程中第一次把联合军放置到地图上时,游戏一定会跳出一个窗口,说当地居民和联合军之间的摩擦。那么你不妨想象一下,一支外国军队,被派遣到陌生土地上,和当地人语言不通,你觉得这样能有什么好事吗?再加上,他们也是活人,必须要取得补给才能作战,你觉得他们的补给怎么来的?为什么有的地方,他们进不去?为什么有些游戏进程里,他们只能移动到安全稳定的分区?这些设计对应的现实意义各是什么?
还有搜集情报这个,任何战斗与建设活动必须要以情报为前提。你不妨再再再细想一下,在陌生土地上作战的军队,他们会用什么样的手段去搜集情报?
综合这些细节,这个游戏的世界观就变得完整而立体:玩家扮演的角色其实是殖民政府,其以“维和”的名义介入陌生的外国领土,一边收买民心一边打击敌对者。
殖民主义的邪恶,想必不需要我多讲。
一般的作品,特别是幻想系的作品,都会把敌对双方的战斗过程视为实力的纯粹比拼,因此胜败也全权凭实力决定。然而Rebel Inc.立足于现实,因此敌对双方的胜败并不完全取决于实力、特别是硬实力,比如武器和钱。
我们在整个游戏过程中就可以看到,殖民政府有钱有飞机有枪,可以如己所愿地在殖民地推动自己的议程。叛军胆敢出头,政府军很快就能击败叛军。
但是叛军知道敌强我弱,他们不会正面对抗。所以,他们的做法就是打游击战。比如,叛军跑得快,叛军能适应所有地形,叛军能偷袭稳定后方,叛军可以低成本地快速组织(如农民投奔叛军这个事件)。
叛军可以如此低成本地、快速地、频繁地发起攻击,相比之下殖民政府的联合军和国民军必须耗费庞大的财力和时间才能取得,就这样还会被叛军绕的团团转。
正如某军事领袖曾说过的那样:敌进我退;敌驻我扰;敌疲我打;敌退我追。
有时候在游戏中还会突然弹出消息框,说是叛军得到了国外势力的资助从而实力大增。也许你会想为什么会有外国势力去资助叛军、来抵抗我这个联合国钦点的、一心为民的维和指挥官?但是,如果你能看到事件的完整图景,也许你就能发现,在叛军眼里,你就是个侵略者;你控制了所有财富并只分享给你的亲信;你甚至派军队残酷杀害不肯听你话的平民。而在敌对国家眼中,也许你在这个地区的任命就是非法的;你只是为了母国的利益而掠夺当地资源(想想石油的那个地图);你为了看起来光鲜亮丽的道德原则,不顾一切地破坏当地人赖以维生的经济命脉(想想罂粟的那个地图)。那么,敌人是存心捣乱,还是试图制止你这个玩家的为非作歹,事情的真相究竟是那个?这取决于你站在谁的立场说话了。
但这还留下一个疑问:为什么玩家扮演的殖民政府始终不能真正赢得民心?
在游戏里,不错,只要稳定所有分区,你就算赢了。但是在这之前,只要有一个分区没有稳定,所有分区——包括已稳定的那些分区——都可能会冒出叛军。无论你在民生工程上怎么努力,这个事情就是无法改变。我认为这同样是非常贴近现实的一个游戏设计。这揭露了两个非常残酷的事实:
为什么民族主义和极端宗教主义的战士无法被彻底征服?因为他们追求从来不是物质,而是某种至高的意识形态,他们可以为这种纯精神的东西抛弃一切俗世之物,欣然赴死。
为什么民族主义和极端宗教主义的战士无法被完全杀光?因为他们来自于民众。不仅如此,他们和民众的关系,就如乡里乡亲之间的关系,既是民也是军,绝不存在明确的界线。
所以在游戏里,殖民政府的民生工程、经济工程、基建工程并不能真正消除反叛,因为叛军不会认为你在出卖恩情,而是认为你在试图灭亡他们。
防不胜防就是殖民政府面对本土武装力量的现实。
战争就是这样。不是你拳头硬、钞票多就能让敌人屈服的。长远来看,意志力的拼搏才决定一切。
PS:为什么该游戏是殖民模拟器?首先该游戏的世界观就是参考真实世界里的阿富汗战争,这是有明确证据支持的:
Rebel Inc. is a game heavily influenced by the culture and socio-political landscape of Afghanistan. Although the game world is fictional, it looks at important real world issues and was extensively researched to make sure it dealt with them correctly. As part of this, we went to the Afghan Embassy in London to meet with the Ambassador and embassy staff to get their feedback on the game.“Rebel Inc. is sophisticated and engaging. It shows the complexity of war and insurgency with interesting options to achieve success through stability and peace."
- H.E. Said T. Jawad, Ambassador of Afghanistan to the UK
The staff we met at the embassy were extremely positive about our plans for Rebel Inc. Often people don’t think about or realise what is going on in Afghanistan and they hoped that our game would encourage players to explore and understand the complexity and scale of the situation in the country. They gave us great insight and lots of useful comments on our simulation and the Ambassador even shared a number of personal experiences which we were able to integrate into the game. You can read a letter from the Embassy about the work we did with them here.
另外,非常凑巧地,Reddit上也有人疑问该游戏是不是殖民模拟器(colonial simulator),而这个争论的源头正是这篇文章。至于这个网站的风格,按照gemini的描述则是
First Person Scholar is an online games studies journal that publishes accessible, "middle-state" writing—a style between traditional academic articles and informal blogs. The site, an initiative of the University of Waterloo's Games Institute and IMMERSe Network, features essays, commentaries, interviews, and book reviews about games and game culture. It aims to encourage new and diverse perspectives on games by publishing contributions from academics, industry professionals, and enthusiasts from underrepresented groups.
我把文章全文都看完了,感觉它确实指出了该游戏让我感受到的“殖民模拟器”的要点,比如
Rebel Inc. synthesizes many of these militarized political discourses: though it may not seem to be a particularly violent game, its perspective is always the distant, disinterested, oversimplified perspective of the colonizer for whom violence is one particularly effective civilizing tool among the many at their disposal. This recalls one of the most troubling aspects of colonial domination: namely, the way in which complex and nuanced political problems are routinely represented as though they can be dealt with through the one-size-fits-all solvent of force.
再如
The forms of force used ‘at home’ in the imperial heartland are rarely considered tough enough for the establishment and maintenance of ‘order’ in the colony—that is, policing by consent is not considered a robust or strict enough form of law enforcement in the colony, where ‘maintaining order’ is in fact a euphemism for the much harsher task of eliminating resistance to the capitalist exploitation of land and resources. As a consequence, colonial conflicts are often marked by forms of extraordinarily violent policing and military security strategies that are nigh-unthinkable at home, including systematic torture, scorched earth tactics, collective punishment, and the targeting of civilians. The colonial territory is often conceptualized by its colonizers and their soldiers as a place where anything goes, where the ordinary rules that constrain human behaviour do not apply. In the frontier, only force is good enough.
还有
The insurgency itself has a fascinating biopolitical character: the insurgents exist only to be defeated. They provide a purely antagonistic, unconditional opposition, as immune to compromise as the viral, fungal or bacterial pathogens of Plague Inc. Ndemic’s first game was structured around public health, and Rebel Inc., too, takes a public health approach to terrorism. The insurgency is a disease that must be eradicated through the hygiene of modernization.
实际只要玩过都能发现,玩家绝大部分的时间、以及投入的绝大部分资金,都是在用于镇压叛军——只要能阻止叛乱,其它都不是问题。至于为什么非得用暴力手段对付叛乱者,殖民主义者不在乎,当然他们也不会反思是不是自己才是有问题的一方——在殖民主义者看来,为了镇压愚顽不化的叛军、给落后地区带来自由与文明(或者是“共存共荣”),不管杀死多少平民都只是必要代价罢了。
至于所有地区都被“稳定”后会不会真正迎来殖民主义者期盼的“美好未来”,只要看看当年阿富汗政权的表现就能明白。之前我玩该游戏的时候,一直不明白为什么腐败水平那么高,后来我发现原因了:因为美国控制下的阿富汗就是一个极端腐败的社会。为什么通胀水平很容易往上涨?因为美国控制下的阿富汗确实通胀水平高、而且波动很大。基于此我继续查询资料,发现游戏中叛军到处滋生的设计,的确也对应了现实中美军反叛无能、塔利班持续扩张的事实。由此再联想到拜登命令美军撤离阿富汗的旧闻,这一举动的确是殖民主义再一次宣告失败的铁证。
来自:Bangumi